Advances in science and technology have enabled mankind to exploit resources of the earth for improving the quality of life. With the help of technological devices and with energy as the main input, human beings are able to multiply their efforts manifold. The technology led growth has created a large demand for energy and as a result all nations are exploring every source of energy to ensure that they are able to meet growing energy requirements to spur economic growth and thereby further improve quality of life of their citizens. An examination of the present global scenario indicates that at present there is a large inequality in per capita energy consumption and in view of increasing energy demand and depleting fuel resources, energy supplies are under strain. The situation demands attention of world leaders as well as scientists and technologists.
Energy related issues have always dominated the world stage and have been intertwined with politics and ideology. Issues related to energy are: availability of fuel supplies, technology for their efficient utilization, environmental impact particularly climate change and health externalities.